Kunezimboni eziningi ze-LCD ezikwazi ukukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe besikrini se-LCD, phakathi kwazo i-LG Display, i-BOE, i-Samsung, i-AUO, i-Sharp, i-TIANMA njll. zonke zingabameleli abahle kakhulu. Ziqoqe iminyaka eminingi yesipiliyoni kwezobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, futhi ngayinye inokuncintisana okuhlukile okuyisisekelo. Ukukhiqiza Izikrini ze-LCD ezikhiqizwayo zinesabelo esikhulu semakethe futhi zingabahlinzeki abavamile. Namuhla, sizokwethula ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi obani abaphakeli besikrini se-LCD?
1. I-BOE
I-BOE ingummeleli ojwayelekile womhlinzeki wesikrini se-LCD waseShayina kanye nomkhiqizi wephaneli yokubonisa omkhulu kunayo yonke eShayina. Njengamanje, inani lokuthunyelwa kwezikrini ze-LCD ezikhiqizwa yi-BOE emikhakheni yamakhompyutha e-notebook kanye namafoni aphathwayo selifinyelele endaweni yokuqala emhlabeni. Iyaqhubeka nokukhiqiza izikrini ze-LCD zemikhiqizo embonini ye-elekthronikhi efana ne-Huawei ne-Lenovo. Amafektri atholakala naseBeijing, eChengdu, eHefei, e-Ordos, naseChongqing, eFuzhou nakwezinye izingxenye zezwe.
2. I-LG
I-LG Display ingeyeqembu le-LG laseNingizimu Korea, elingakhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezikrini ze-LCD. Njengamanje, inikeza izikrini ze-LCD ze-Apple, i-HP, i-Dell, i-Sony, i-Philips neminye imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi.
3. I-Samsung
I-Samsung iyinkampani enkulu kunazo zonke ye-elekthronikhi eNingizimu Korea. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwamanje kwezikrini ze-LCD kuye kwehla ukujiya ngenkathi igcina ikhwalithi ephezulu. Inobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuyinhloko bezikrini ze-LCD futhi imikhiqizo yayo ithunyelwa kuwo wonke umhlaba.
4. I-Innolux
I-Innolux yinkampani ekhiqiza ubuchwepheshe eTaiwan, eShayina. Ikhiqiza amaphaneli e-LCD aphelele kanye namaphaneli okuthinta ngobukhulu obukhulu, obuphakathi nobuncane. Inethimba lobuchwepheshe eliqinile futhi ikhiqiza izikrini ze-LCD kumakhasimende afana ne-Apple, i-Lenovo, i-HP, kanye ne-Nokia.
5. I-AUO
I-AUO iyinkampani enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yokuklama, ucwaningo nentuthuko, ukukhiqiza kanye nokumaketha kwamaphaneli okubonisa e-liquid crystal. Indlunkulu yayo iseTaiwan, kanti izimboni zayo zitholakala eSuzhou, eKunshan, eXiamen nakwezinye izindawo. Ikhiqiza izikrini ze-LCD zeLenovo, ASUS, Samsung kanye namanye amakhasimende.
6. I-Toshiba
I-Toshiba iyinkampani yamazwe ngamazwe, indlunkulu yayo yaseJapan iyisikhungo socwaningo nentuthuko, futhi izisekelo zayo zokukhiqiza ziseShenzhen, eGanzhou nakwezinye izindawo. Ingakhiqiza izikrini ezintsha ze-SED LCD ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe.
7. I-Tianma Microelectronics
I-Tianma Microelectronics iyinkampani enkulu ebhaliswe emphakathini ehlanganisa i-R&D, ukuklama, ukukhiqizwa, ukuthengisa kanye nesevisi yezibonisi ze-LCD. Izikrini ze-LCD ezikhiqizwayo nezithuthukisiwe zisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-VIVO, i-OPPO, i-Xiaomi, i-Huawei nezinye izinkampani.
8. I-Hunan Future Electronics
I-Hunan Future iyinkampani yezobuchwepheshe entsha egxile ku-R&D, ukuklama, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuthengiswa kwamadivayisi okubonisa i-liquid crystal kanye nemikhiqizo esekelayo. Izimisele ukuba yibhizinisi elihamba phambili emkhakheni wokubonisa womhlaba wonke, inikeza amakhasimende amayunithi okubonisa i-liquid crystal ajwayelekile futhi enziwe ngokwezifiso. I-Solution, inkampani igxile ekukhiqizweni nasekusebenzeni kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yochungechunge lwe-LCD ye-monochrome kanye ne-monochrome, i-color LCM (kufaka phakathi amamojula e-color TFT). Manje imikhiqizo yenkampani ihlanganisa ama-LCD afana ne-TN, HTN, STN, FSTN, DFSTN, kanye ne-VA, ama-LCM afana ne-COB, COG, kanye ne-TFT, kanye nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-elekthronikhi efana ne-TP, OLED, njll.
Kusukela kwavela ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa i-liquid crystal (LCD) ngo-1968, ubuchwepheshe buqhubekile nokuthuthuka nokugqama, futhi imikhiqizo yokugcina ifinyelele kuzo zonke izici zokukhiqiza nokuphila kwabantu. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe be-OLED buye bavela kancane kancane emkhakheni omusha wokubonisa, kodwa i-LCD isewubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile ngokuphelele.
Ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka yokuthuthukiswa, amandla okukhiqiza amaphaneli e-LCD adluliselwe njalo ezweni lakithi, futhi kuvele abakhiqizi abaningi bamaphaneli e-LCD abancintisanayo. Njengamanje, imboni yamaphaneli okubonisa isiphinde yalulama kancane kancane futhi kulindeleke ukuthi iqale umjikelezo omusha wokukhula.
(1) Ubuchwepheshe obusha emkhakheni wokubonisa buyachuma, futhi i-LCD isasebenza kakhulu
Njengamanje, i-LCD ne-OLED yizindlela ezimbili zobuchwepheshe ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezibonisi ezintsha. Zombili zinezimpawu zazo kanye nezinzuzo zazo maqondana nobuchwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa, ngakho-ke kukhona ukuncintisana ezimweni eziningi zokusetshenziswa kwezibonisi. Ama-diode akhipha ukukhanya kwe-organic (ama-OLED), aziwa nangokuthi izibonisi ze-electro-laser ze-organic kanye nama-semiconductor akhipha ukukhanya kwe-organic, angaguqula ngqo amandla kagesi abe amandla okukhanya kwama-molecule ezinto ze-semiconductor ze-organic. Amaphaneli asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa be-OLED awadingi ukusebenzisa amamojula okukhanya kwangemuva. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuntuleka kokunikezwa kwemishini ebalulekile ye-OLED, ukuncika ekungenisweni kwezinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa, isivuno esincane somkhiqizo kanye namanani aphezulu, njll. Ngokombono wenqubo yomkhakha we-OLED womhlaba wonke, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-OLED kusesesigabeni sokuqala, futhi i-LCD isaphethe isikhundla esiphelele.
Ngokusho kwedatha ye-Sihan Consulting, ubuchwepheshe be-TFT-LCD buzobalelwa ku-71% wensimu entsha yobuchwepheshe bokubonisa ngo-2020. I-TFT-LCD isebenzisa i-transistor array ku-substrate yengilazi yephaneli yekristalu eliwuketshezi ukwenza iphikseli ngayinye ye-LCD ibe nesishintshi se-semiconductor esizimele. Iphikseli ngayinye ingalawula ikristalu eliwuketshezi phakathi kwe-substrate ezimbili zengilazi ngokusebenzisa ama-point pulses, okungukuthi, ukulawula okuzimele, okunembile nokuqhubekayo kwe-"point-to-point" ngayinye yephikseli kungabonakala ngokusebenzisa ama-switch asebenzayo. Umklamo onjalo usiza ukuthuthukisa isivinini sokuphendula kwesikrini sokubonisa ikristalu eliwuketshezi futhi ungalawula i-grayscale eboniswayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe imibala yesithombe engokoqobo kanye nekhwalithi yesithombe ejabulisa kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuchwepheshe be-LCD buhlala buthuthuka, bubonisa amandla amasha, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa ubuso obugobile sebube ngenye yezindlela ezintsha zobuchwepheshe be-LCD. Ukujula kwensimu okubonakalayo okwakhiwa ukugoba kwesikrini sokubonisa esigobile kwenza izinga lesithombe libe ngokoqobo futhi licebe, kuthuthukisa umuzwa wokucwiliswa okubonakalayo, kufiphaze umngcele oqinile phakathi kwe-virtual kanye neqiniso, kunciphisa ukuphambuka kwebanga phakathi kwesithombe esisemaphethelweni kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zesikrini kanye neso lomuntu, futhi kuthola isithombe esilinganiselayo. Thuthukisa insimu yokubuka. Phakathi kwazo, ubuchwepheshe be-module yobuso obuguquguqukayo be-LCD budlula ngendlela ehleliwe yamamojula wokubonisa we-LCD kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ngobuningi, futhi buqaphela ukuguqulwa kwamahhala kwamamojula wobuso obuguquguqukayo be-LCD ku-module yobuso obugobile kanye nokubonisa okuqondile, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze ngokwezifiso zabo ngokwezidingo zabo. Cindezela inkinobho ukushintsha phakathi kobunjwa obuqondile nobuqondile, futhi uqaphele imodi yesikrini ezimweni ezahlukene njengehhovisi, umdlalo, kanye nokuzijabulisa, futhi uhlangabezane nokuguqulwa kwezigcawu eziningi.
(2) Ukudluliselwa okusheshayo komthamo wokukhiqiza amaphaneli e-LCD e-China
Njengamanje, imboni yamaphaneli e-LCD igxile kakhulu eJapan, eNingizimu Korea, eTaiwan, kanye nase-China. I-Mainland China yaqala sekwephuzile, kodwa ithuthuke ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ngo-2005, amandla okukhiqiza amaphaneli e-LCD eShayina abalelwa ku-3% kuphela wesamba somhlaba wonke, kodwa ngo-2020, amandla okukhiqiza e-LCD eShayina akhuphukele ku-50%.
Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-LCD yezwe lami, kuye kwavela abakhiqizi abaningi bamaphaneli e-LCD abancintisanayo, njenge-BOE, i-Shenzhen Tianma, kanye ne-China Star Optoelectronics. Idatha ye-Omdia ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2021, i-BOE izobekwa endaweni yokuqala ekuthunyelweni kwamaphaneli e-TV e-LCD emhlabeni wonke ngokuthunyelwa okungu-62.28 million, okubalwa u-23.20% wemakethe. Ngaphezu kwentuthuko esheshayo yamabhizinisi ezweni lakithi, ngaphansi kwesizinda sokwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi yokukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke kanye nokuguqulwa nokuvulwa kwezwe lami, izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ezifana ne-Samsung Display yaseNingizimu Korea kanye ne-LG Display nazo zitshale imali futhi zakha amafektri ezweni lakithi, okube nomthelela omuhle ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni ye-LCD yezwe lami.
(3) Imakethe yamaphaneli okubonisa isiqalile umjikelezo omusha okhuphukayo
Ngokusho kwedatha yentengo yephaneli, ngemuva kuka-Okthoba 2022, ukwehla kwamaphaneli kuye kwehla kakhulu, futhi amanani amaphaneli athile amakhulu aphinde akhuphuka. Ukubuyiselwa kwenyanga 2/3/10/13/20 Amadola aseMelika / ingxenye, amanani ephaneli ayaqhubeka nokunyuka, aqalise kabusha umjikelezo okhuphukayo. Ngaphambilini, ngenxa yokwehla kwe-elekthronikhi yabathengi, ukuphakelwa ngokweqile kanye nesidingo esicothayo embonini yamaphaneli ebekwe ngaphezulu, amanani ephaneli aqhubeka nokwehla, kanti abenzi bamaphaneli nabo banciphise kakhulu ukukhiqizwa. Ngemva cishe kwengxenye yonyaka yokususwa kwempahla, amanani ephaneli azoyeka kancane kancane ukwehla futhi azinze kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2022 kuya ekuqaleni kuka-2023, futhi uchungechunge lokunikezela lubuyela kancane kancane emazingeni ajwayelekile empahla. Njengamanje, izinhlangothi zokunikezela kanye nesidingo zisezingeni eliphansi, futhi akukho mbandela wokwehla okukhulu kwamanani ephaneli iyonke, futhi iphaneli ibonise umkhuba wokubuyiselwa. Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Omdia, inhlangano yocwaningo yobungcweti embonini yamaphaneli, ngemuva kokuthola ithuba ngo-2022, usayizi wemakethe yamaphaneli kulindeleke ukuthi ulethe ukukhula kweminyaka eyisithupha ilandelana, okulindeleke ukuthi kukhuphuke kusuka ku-US$124.2 billion ngo-2023 kuya ku-US$143.9 billion ngo-2028, ukwanda ngo-15.9%. Imboni yamaphaneli isizoletha amaphuzu amathathu amakhulu okushintshashintsha: umjikelezo wokuvuselela, ukuphakelwa kanye nesidingo, kanye nentengo. Ngo-2023, kulindeleke ukuthi kuqale umjikelezo omusha wokukhula. Ukuvuselelwa okulindelekile kwemboni yamaphaneli kuqhubekisele phambili nokwanda kwamandla okukhiqiza abakhiqizi bamaphaneli. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-Huajing Industrial Research Institute, amandla okukhiqiza amaphaneli okubonisa e-LCD aseShayina azoba ngamamitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-175.99 ngo-2020, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele kumamitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-286.33 ngo-2025, ukwanda ngo-62.70%.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-08-2023
